The United Kingdom
Next Selection Previous Selection
So far we have dealt with the results of the Census in England and Wales, that is to say, in that portion of the United Kingdom in which alone the enumeration was carried out and the results tabulated under our immediate superintendence. Having now concluded our report on these results, our proper task is ended. It will probably, however, be convenient that we should go somewhat beyond our strict province, and give a summary view of the main numerical results of the Census, as carried out in the United Kingdom as a whole. At the Census of 1881 the population of the United Kingdom consisted of 34,884,848 persons. In the course of the ensuing intercensal period, 11,293,515 more were added by birth, while 0,8B8,638 were removed by death. This addition and this loss would have given, had there been no emigration and no immigration, a population of 39,289,725 persons at the Census of 1891. The emigrants, however, to places outside Europe exceeded the immigrants from such places, according to the information collected by the emigration officers, by 1,747,177. Deducting this excess from the population, as determined simply from the natural increase and as given above, there remains a total of 37,542,548 persons, who would have constituted the population of the United Kingdom in 1891, had there been no movement to and from places in Europe. As a matter of fact, however, the actually enumerated population amounted to 37,732,922, showing an excess over the calculated number, as just given, of 190,874 persons. Homo portion of this difference of 190,374 may be attributable to the unavoidable defects in the returns of emigrants and immigrants; but the main part is, doubtlessly, duo to European immigration, or, rather to the excess of immigration over emigration from and to European countries. The above statement may be thus tabularly represented:— These figures show, beyond all doubt, that the returns of emigration and immigration, and of births and deaths, in the United Kingdom, as also the Census enumeration, must possess a very high degree of accuracy. The Population, then, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland amounted, in April 1891, to 37,732,922 persons, being 2,848,074, or 8.2 per cent., above the number recorded at the Census of 1881. This rate of growth was lower than that of either of the two next preceding decennia, in which it had been successively 8.8 and 10.8 per cent. Each of the three great sub-divisions of the Kingdom contributed to bring about this slackening in the growth of the population. For both in England and Wales and in Scotland the ratio of increase in 1881-91 was smaller than it had been either in 1861-71 or in 1871-81, while in Ireland the decrease was very much larger than in either of those two decennia, having, in the earlier of the two, been 6.7 per cent. and in the second 44 per cent., whereas in 1881-91 it was no less than 9.1 per cent. (Appendix A., Table 35). In 1821, in which year the first complete census of the United Kingdom was taken, 57.4 per cent. of the aggregate population were inhabitants of England and Wales, 10 per cent. were inhabitants of Scotland, and 32.6 per cent. were living in Ireland. But at each of the seven successive censuses since that date, the percentage residing in England and Wales has increased, while the percentage residing in Ireland has as continuously declined, the Scotch proportion remaining practically unchanged, such alteration as has occurred being in. the direction of increase, the total result of these successive changes was, that in 1891 the English and Welsh proportion had risen to 76.8 per cent., and the Scotch proportion to 10.7 per cent., while the Irish share had fallen to 12.5 per cent. (Appendix A., Table 36); or, in round numbers, three-quarters of the population were living in England and Wales, one-ninth in Scotland, and one-eighth in Ireland. Of the 37,732,922 inhabitants of the United Kingdom, 18,314,571 were of the male, and 19,418,351 of the female, sex; the proportion being, therefore, 1,060 females to 1,000 males. There were, however, great differences in this respect between the three great sub-divisions of the Kingdom; the proportion of females to 1,000 males being 1,064 in England and Wales, 1,072 in Scotland, and only 1,029 in Ireland. The ages of the aggregate population, after distribution of those whose ages were not stated, were as follows:— The condition as regards marriage of the population of the United Kingdom was as follows:— The proportions differed very widely in the different divisions of the Kingdom; the proportions of married men and women being, as the following table shows, much higher in England and Wales than in Scotland, and in Scotland than in Ireland. PROPORTIONS PER 1,000
It has been explained in an earlier part of this Report, that, owing to the instructions given to us that we should distinguish in the occupation table between masters, men, and those who were working on their own account, it became necessary to diminish the number of separate occupational headings, as otherwise the working sheets would have been too large for the abstracting clerks to manipulate; and the opportunity of this necessary alteration was taken to introduce certain other small changes into the classification. In Scotland the same alterations were adopted as in this country. But in Ireland, where the separation of masters from men was not enjoined upon the Census authority, the classification of 1881 was adhered to, practically without alteration. A difficulty therefore arises in attempting to combine the three occupational tables into an aggregate for the United Kingdom. By taking, however, orders only or large groups, and making careful transference, when necessary, from one group to another, this difficulty can be surmounted, and that plan has consequently been adopted in preparing the following table. There is also another difficulty in the way, but one which luckily is rather apparent than real. The English table only gives the occupations of those who are 10 or more years of age, the first age-period in the table being 10-15 years of age; the Scotch Census gives the occupations of those over five years of age, the first age-period used being 5-15 years; while the Irish table includes portions of all ages from birth onwards, the first period being 0-15 years of age. At first sight this would seem to preclude all possible amalgamation of the three tables, so far as the first age-period is concerned; but when it is borne in mind that, owing to legal restrictions and to the obligation of compulsory school attendance, children under 10 can scarcely be employed in any manufacture or industry, it will be seen that the discrepancy between the three tables is rather in form than in substance. Possibly here and there a young child who would be excluded in the English table may have a place in the Scotch or Irish table; but the number of such cases must be at most excessively small, and, for all practical purposes, may be disregarded. OCCUPATIONS of the INHABITANTS of the UNITED KINGDOM and its several DIVISIONS, and the PROPORTIONS of PERSONS engaged in such OCCUPATIONS to the TOTAL POPULATION.
We do not propose to examine the figures in the foregoing table in great, detail. Confining ourselves, however, to the six great classes, we may give, the following summary view of the comparative condition as regards occupations of the three main sub-divisions of the United Kingdom. It is curious to note that the proportion borne by the professional class to the total population is much higher in Ireland than in England and Wales, or than in Scotland. This is partly due to the large number of soldiers quartered in Ireland, but mainly to the astoundingly large number of persons over 15 years of age returned as "students" in that division of the Kingdom. These amounted to no less than 95,766, or from three to four times as many as in Scotland, and two-thirds as many as in England and Wales, notwithstanding that the population of this latter is more than six times that of Ireland, What may be the explanation of this enormous excess of students over 15 in Ireland, we are quite unable to say. The members of what are ordinarily termed the learned professions, with the exception of the clergy, were not in excess in that country, as is shown in the following table, which gives the average number of persons to one clergyman or priest, one lawyer, one doctor, and one teacher. In the Domestic Class, which consists almost entirely of servants and washerwomen, the English proportion, as might be anticipated, far exceeded those of Scotland and of Ireland, which latter two were in this respect practically on an equality. The Commercial Class was also more fully represented in England and Wales than in Scotland, though not to a very great degree; but in both the proportion vastly exceeded that in Ireland. The Irish proportion was low in all the sub-divisions of this class, namely, those engaged in what are ordinarily known as commercial businesses, and those engaged in transport, whether by rail, road, or water. Still greater is the contrast between the several countries in the Agricultural and Fishing Class. In England and Wales only 46 per 1,000 of the population were grouped in this class: in Scotland the proportion was 62, and in Ireland no less than 200. In Ireland, with a population only one-sixth of that of England, there were almost twice as many persons returned as farmers as in the larger country; while the farmers' sons or nephews, or near male relatives, over 15 years of age, living with the farmer, and without specified occupation, and who were presumably assisting in farm work, were more than four times as numerous. The large excess in Ireland of these farmers' relatives, who practically take the place of farm servants, and the imperfect way in which the agricultural labourers are returned throughout the kingdom, but especially in Ireland, prevents due comparison of the figures under this last heading. Even if we take the figures as they stand in the table, however, without correction, the proportion of agricultural labourers in Ireland vastly exceeded the proportions in England and Wales, and in Scotland. Scotland, on the other hand, exceeded both England and Ireland in its proportion of shepherds; while the only agricultural pursuit in which the English and Welsh proportion largely exceeded the Scotch and Irish was that of gardeners, including nurserymen and seedsmen.There were more than ten times as many persons thus engaged in England as in Scotland, and more than twenty times as many as in Ireland. The returns of fishermen in England and Wales, as has been pointed out on an earlier page (p. 45), considerably understate the actual number so employed. When, however, the fullest allowance has been made for this, the proportion of fishermen to population in England and Wales still remains far lower than in Ireland, while in Ireland it is only one third as high as in Scotland. The proportion of persons in the Industrial Class to the total population was 253 to 1,000 in England and Wales and 256 in Scotland, figures practically identical, but only 140 in Ireland; the only industry in which the Irish proportion was higher than in the other divisions being the flax and linen manufacture, which is almost extinct in England, is carried on to a larger extent in Scotland, but in Ireland alone assumes notable proportions. There are, however, many occupational groups in the Industrial Class in which the proportion of the population engaged was higher in Scotland than in England and Wales. Such, for example, are the builders and equippers of ships, the dealers in food, and, among the textile industries, the woollen, the linen, and the jute manufactures. The total proportion was also, as the table shows, much higher than the English for those who work or deal in mixed and unspecified materials; but this was simply due to the fact that a much larger proportion of weavers and factory hands returned themselves indefinitely, that is without statement of the material in which they worked, in Scotland than in this country. The paper manufacture is also more extensively carried on, in proportion to the population, in Scotland than in England; and this has caused the Scotch proportion to be the higher in the 20th sub-order The Scotch proportion was, also the higher under Mining, and in the large group of industries thrown together under Iron and Steel Manufactures. Of the total enumerated population of the United Kingdom 37,300,996, or 98.86 per cent., were born within its limits, namely 74.80 per cent. in England and Wales, 10.60 per cent. in Scotland, and 13.87 per cent. in Ireland. Other parts of the British Empire contributed 164,961, or 0.44 per cent to the whole; 4,968 or 0.01 per cent., were born at sea while the remaining 261,997, or 0.69 per cent., were natives of foreign States. Of these 261,997 persons a considerable number, though born abroad, were British subjects; how many it is, however, impossible to say, for in the Irish census no separate account appears to have been taken of foreign born British subjects, and in England and Wales and in Scotland the returns were doubtlessly in this respect imperfect. There were, however, in England and Wales 34,895, and in Scotland 7,577 persons, who, though of foreign birth, were stated to be British subjects. The proportion of persons born abroad, whether in other parts of the British Empire or in the dominions of foreign States, was, as might be anticipated, far higher in England and Wales than in Scotland, and in Scotland again than in Ireland, as may be seen in the following table:— The total number of persons returned as blind in the United Kingdom was 31,605, of whom 16,270 were of the male and 15,335 of the female sex. These figures give 838 blind persons per million males and 790 per million females. The proportions, however, varied much in the different divisions of the kingdom. In Scotland there were only 695 blind persons per million population; in England and Wales there were 809, and in Ireland as many as 1,185. Moreover, while the proportion of blind males considerably exceeded the proportion of blind females both in England and Wales and in Scotland, in Ireland the opposite was the case, and the female proportion was somewhat the higher, there being 1,161 blind females but only 1,109 blind males per million of the corresponding sex. The total number of persons returned as deaf-mutes in the United Kingdom was 19,682 or 522 per million persons living. Of the total, 10,705 or 585 per million living, were of the male, and 8,977, or 462 per million living of the female sex. In England and Wales the proportion of deaf-mutes was 489 per million living; in Scotland it was 528, and in Ireland 715. In each division of the kingdom the male proportion largely exceeded the female proportion; the male proportions per million S being 548 615, and 778, respectively in England and Wales, in Scotland, and in Ireland; while the female proportions per million living, taking the divisions in the same order, were respectively 434,446, and 655. DEAF and DUMB; SEXES and AGES.
The total number of persons returned as suffering from some or other form of mental derangement was 134,033, or 3,552 per million persons living. The proportion was lowest in England and Wales, 3,358 per million; next lowest in Scotland, 3,841 per million; and highest in Ireland, 4,504 per million; so that this last division of the kingdom suffered considerably more than either of the other two divisions from each form of physical infirmity dealt with in the Census. Again, while the female insane rate exceeded the male rate very considerably in England and Wales, and slightly in Scotland, the opposite was the case in Ireland, where there were 4,728 insane males and only 4,285 insane females per million living of corresponding sex. INSANE; SEXES and AGES.
The total number of persons in receipt of indoor relief in the United Kingdom was 235,594, or 6,244 per million population. The proportion, however, was only 2,574 per million in Scotland; while in England and Wales it was 6,300, and in Ireland no less than 9,038. The total number of patients in hospitals was 36,137, or 958 per million population. The proportion per million was highest in Scotland, where it reached 1,246; then in England and Wales, where it was 951; and smallest in Ireland, where it was only 753. The total number of persons afflicted with some or other form of mental derangement in the United Kingdom was, as shown in the last section, 134,033; and of these 84,733, or 63 per cent., were inmates of asylums. In England and Wales 65 per cent. of the lunatics wore inmates of asylums, in Scotland 59 per cent. and in Ireland only 56 per cent. There were at the date of the Census 22,851 prisoners in the United Kingdom and 32,866 inmates of certified reformatories or industrial schools, making together a total of 55,717 persons in some or other place of detention. The proportion of such persons to the total population was highest in Ireland, 2,539 per million living; next highest in Scotland, 2,008 per million: and lowest in England and Wales, where it was only 1,231 per million. The high proportion in Ireland was entirely due, and in Scotland was mainly due, to the excessive number of young persons in reformatories or industrial schools; the proportion of prisoners, or, speaking generally, of adult criminals, being lower in Ireland than in either of the other divisions of the kingdom; and though higher in Scotland than England and Wales, not nearly so much higher as was the proportion of the inmates of the reformatories and industrial schools. Of the 37,732,922 persons enumerated in the United Kingdom, 37,305,964, as already stated, were born within its limits or at sea, while 426,958 were born abroad, namely 164,961 in British Colonies or Dependencies, and 261,997 in the dominions of foreign States. Against these 426,958 persons born out of the country, but sojourning in the United Kingdom at the time of the census, must be put natives of the United Kingdom who at that date were living abroad. The returns of these were necessarily somewhat imperfect. From those countries in which complete censuses were taken sufficiently accurate returns were received by us. But the consular or other returns from countries in which no such systematic enumerations were made could of course be no more than more or less approximate estimates. As, however, the great bulk of our fellow country men abroad were in countries where regular Censuses are taken, the possible errors from mistaken estimate or total absence of information in other parts of the world may be neglected as practically insignificant when merged in the grand total. There were then, according to the returns received by us, 5,018,545, or in round numbers five million, natives of the United Kingdom living out of the country at the date of the enumeration. These with the 37,305,964 natives who were enumerated in the country itself make up a total of 42,324,509 persons born in the United Kingdom and alive in April 1891. Of the 5,018,545 natives of the United Kingdom living abroad, 1,741,455 were in British Colonies, Dependencies, or Protectorates, namely, over a million in Australasia and nearly half a million in Canada, thus leaving only some quarter of a million in all the other parts of the British Empire. The precise figures for each country are given in Table 50, Appendix A. The most striking entry in that table relates to British India. In this huge territory there were but 90,039 natives of the United Kingdom, including all ages, all occupations, whether civil or military, and both sexes, or one British native on an average to a population of 2,459 persons. The natives of the United Kingdom living in the dominions of foreign States were much more numerous than those living in foreign parts of the British Empire. They numbered altogether 3,277,010, or in round numbers three millions and a quarter, and of this total more than three millions were living in the United States of America, leaving less than a quarter of a million in all other foreign dominions, If these figures be compared with those given in the table of birth-places of the enumerated population of the United Kingdom (p. 89), it will be seen that the persons of foreign birth to whom this country gives residence are quite insignificant numerically to those of our countrymen who are living abroad. Only 261,997 natives of foreign countries, other than parts of the British Empire, were enumerated in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, while those foreign countries extended their hospitality to 3,277,090 of our own countrymen. Of these, as stated, more than three millions, or precisely 3,122,911, were enumerated in the United States, being 350,742, or 13 per cent., more than were similarly enumerated in 1881. Putting America and Polynesia aside and limiting ourselves to Europe, Asia, and Africa the following is a list of the foreign States in which our countrymen were in largest numbers in 1891, the figures for 1881 being also given for comparison. All countries have been included in which the number of our resident countrymen exceeded 350.X.—THE UNITED KINGDOM.
1. Population.
Natural and actual increase
Enumerated population, April 1881
34,884,848
Add intercensal births
11,293,515
Less intercensal deaths
6,888,638
4,404,877
39,289,725
Deduct intercensal emigrants to non-European Countries
2,593,226
Less intercensal immigrants from ditto
846,049
1,747,177
37,542,548
Enumerated population, 1891
37,732,922
Difference due to excess of immigration from Europe
190,374
Proportions of English and Welsh, Scotch and Irish
2. Sexes, Ages, and Condition as to Marriage.
Proportion between the sexes
Ages of the population
—
THE UNITED KINGDOM.
Males.
Females.
Persons.
All Ages
18,314,571
19,418,351
37,732,922
0—
2,261,332
2,265,101
4,526,433
5—
4,314,149
4,293,527
8,607,676
15—
3,597,938
3,776,135
7,374,073
25—
2,649,510
2,909,536
5,559,046
35—
2,049,221
2,210,467
4,259,688
45—
1,568,429
1,732,440
3,300,869
55—
1,038,405
1,190,368
2,228,773
65—
595,942
725,120
1,321,062
75—
210,951
272,895
483,846
85—
27,315
40,409
67,724
95 and upwards
1,379
2,353
3,732
Civil condition
Civil Condition.
Males.
Females.
Proportions per 1,000.
Males.
Females.
Single
11,619,047
11,751,611
634
605
Married
6,055,017
6,146,253
331
317
Widowed
640,507
1,520,487
35
78
Total
18,314,571
19,418,351
1,000
1,000
Civil Condition.
England and Wales.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Single
620
596
663
631
696
641
Married
345
329
304
290
265
262
Widowed
35
75
33
79
39
97
3. Occupations.
Classes, Orders and Sub-Orders.
Numbers.
Rates per million.
Eng-
land &
WalesScot-
landIre-
landUnited King-
domEng-
land &
WalesScot-
landIre-
landUnited King-
dom
PROFESSIONAL CLASS:926,132
111,319
207,831
1,245,282
31,933
27,652
44,175
33,003
1.
Civil Service and Local Government
144,300
18,485
29,611
192,396
4,975
4,592
6,294
5,099
2.
Defence of the Country
126,473
7,588
31,293
165,354
4,361
1,885
6,652
4,382
3.
Professional (with immediate Subordinates):—
a
Clerical:—
1
Clergymen, Priests, Ministers
30,800
4,957
6,272
48,029
1,269
1,231
1,333
1,273
2
Nun, Scripture Reader; Church, Cemetery-
Officials, &c.21,842
2,389
8,720
32,951
753
593
1,853
873
b
Legal:—
1
Barristers, Solicitors
19,978
3,111
2,080
25,160
689
773
442
667
2
Law Clerks, &c.
27,540
4,694
2,249
34,483
950
1,166
478
914
c
Medical:—
1
Physicians, Surgeons, General Practit-
ioners19,037
2,595
2,293
28,925
656
645
487
634
2
Sick Nurses, Midwives
53,658
3,821
1,107
58,586
1,850
949
235
1,553
3
Others
12,540
1,293
825
14,658
432
321
175
388
d
Educational:—
1
Teachers
200,595
20,850
21,190
242,635
6,917
5,179
4,504
6,431
2
Students over 15
147,489
29,215
95,766
272,470
5,085
7,257
20,356
7,221
e
Others
115,880
12,321
6,425
134,626
3,996
3,061
1,366
3,568
DOMESTIC CLASS
4.
Domestic Offices or Service
1,900,328
203,153
238,215
2,341,606
65,523
50,465
50,633
62,060
COMMERCIAL CLASS1,399,735
180,952
95,446
1,676,133
48,262
44,950
20,287
44,421
5.
Commercial Occupations
416,365
58,589
29,189
504,148
14,356
14,554
6,204
13,361
6.
Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages:—
a
On Railways
186,774
26,284
9,610
222,668
6,440
6,529
2,043
5,901
b
On Roads
366,605
42,194
27,282
436,081
12,640
10,481
5,798
11,557
c
On Canals, Rivers, Seas
208,443
27,539
16,957
252,957
7,187
6,841
3,608
6,704
d
Storage, Porterage, Messages
221,548
26,346
12,390
200,284
7,639
6,545
2,634
6,898
AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING CLASS:1,333,945
249,124
940,621
2,526,690
46,098
61,884
199,930
66,962
7.
Agriculture:—
a
Farmers
223,610
54,332
417,003
694,945
7,710
13,497
88,635
18,417
b
Farmers' Sons, Nephews, &c., over 15
67,287
17,081
212,731
297,099
2,320
4,243
45,216
7,874
c
Farm Bailiffs
18,205
3,248
2,124
23,577
628
807
451
625
d
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants, Teamsters.*
750,134
107,412
273,597
1,140,143
26,175
26,682
58,154
30,215
e
Shepherds
21,573
10,113
6,489
38,175
744
2,512
1,379
1,012
f
Gardeners, Nurserymen, Seedsmen
179,336
16,385
8,756
204,477
6,183
4,070
1,861
5,419
g
Engaged about Animals
26,574
6,925
6,623
40,122
916
1,720
1,408
1,063
h
Others
16,001
4,489
2,020
22,510
552
1,115
429
597
8.
Fishing
25,225
29,139
11,278
65,642
870
7,238
2,397
1,740
INDUSTRIAL CLASS:7,336,344
1,032,404
657,154
9,025,902
252,955
256,457
139,679
239,205
9.
Books, Newspapers, Prints, Maps
145,307
20,317
7,722
173,346
5,010
5,047
1,639
4,594
10.
Machine, Tools, and Implements
342,231
51,426
8,259
401,916
11,800
12,775
1,755
10,652
11.
Houses, Furniture, &c.:—
a
Building Trades
680,886
87,068
47,349
815,303
23,477
21,628
10,064
21,607
b
Furniture, Fittings, Decorations
139,696
14,290
4,413
158,399
4,817
3,550
938
4,198
12.
Carriages and Harness
108,780
7,021
5,780
121,581
3,751
1,744
1,220
3,222
13.
Ships and Boats
70,517
23,518
4,284
98,319
2,431
5,842
911
2,606
14.
Chemicals and Compounds
56,047
7,826
1,787
65,560
1,932
1,944
380
1,740
15.
Tobacco and Pipes
31,141
3,779
1,506
36,426
1,074
939
320
965
16.
Food and Lodging:—
a
Innkeepers, Publicans, and others engaged in making or selling Spirituous Drinks.
148,943
13,664
14,929
177,536
5,136
3,394
3,173
4,705
b
Dealers in Food
597,863
90,982
53,111
741,961
20,614
22,601
11,289
19,663
c
Lodging, Boarding-
House Keepers51,178
4,015
2,462
57,655
1,765
997
523
1,528
17.
Textile Fabrics:—
a
Wool, Worsted
254,585
40,034
6,630
301,249
8,778
9,945
1,409
7,984
b
Silk
51,427
4,132
329
55,888
1,773
1,026
70
1,481
c
Cotton
629,184
36,728
4,279
670,191
21,694
9,124
910
17,761
d
Flax, Linen
8,166
26,223
88,603
122,992
282
6,514
18,833
3,260
e
Hemp, Jute, and other Fibrous Materials
22,416
36,297
1,826
60,539
773
9,016
388
1,604
f
Mixed or Unspecified Materials
162,811
63,136
28,217
254,164
5,614
15,083
5,998
6,736
18.
Dress
1,099,833
123,064
153,429
1,376,326
37,921
30,571
32,612
36,476
19.
Skins, Hair, Grease, Bone and othe Animal Substances
76,566
6,695
2,728
85,989
2,640
1,663
580
279
20.
Wood, Paper, Oil, Gum, Rush and other vegetable Substances
196,889
36,885
11,659
245,433
6,789
9,163
2,478
6,504
21.
Mineral Substances:—
a
Mining
561,637
87,406
1,382
650,425
19,365
21,712
294
17,238
b
Stone, Slate, Clay, and Roads
209,972
29,438
10,120
249,530
7,240
7,313
2,151
6,613
c
Iron, Steel
380,193
68,040
21,541
469,774
13,109
16,902
4,579
12,450
d
Copper, Tin, Zinc, Lead, and other Metals
179,394
13,870
3,669
192,933
6,048
3,445
780
5,113
e
Earthernware and Glass-Makers and Dealers
86,022
10,037
3,699
99,758
2,966
2,493
786
2,644
f
Others
86,022
10,037
3,699
99,758
2,966
2,493
786
2,644
22.
General or Unspecified Commodities:—
a
General Shopkeepers, Dealers, Pawnbrokers
65,077
13,784
28,974
107,835
2,244
3,424
6,158
2,858
b
Coster-
mongers, Hawkers &c., Street Sellers58,030
6,440
2,332
67,717
2,032
1,601
496
1,795
c
Contractors, Manufacturers, Mangers (undefined)
11,199
1,653
944
13,796
386
411
201
364
d
Mechanics, Labourers, General or Undefined
805,105
95,365
133,082
1,033,552
27,759
23,689
28,287
27,391
23.
Refuse Matters
18,328
1,946
1,100
21,374
632
483
234
566
CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH NO SPECIFIED OCCUPATION16,103,041
2,248,695
2,565,485
20,917,219
555,229
558,592
545,296
554,349
TOTAL POPULATION20,002,525
4,025,647
4,704,750
37,732,922
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
*
Many agricultural labourers are returned as General Labourers and such are, of course, not here included. This appears to have been especially the case in Ireland. See note to Irish Census Report, Part II., p. 123.
Class.
Proportions per 1,000 of all Ages
England
and
Wales.Scotland.
Ireland.
United
Kingdom. Professional
32
28
44
33
Domestic
66
50
51
62
Commercial
48
45
20
44
Agricultural and Fishing
46
62
200
67
Industrial
253
256
140
239
Unoccupied
555
559
545
555
Total
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Professional class
Profession.
Persons to One Professional.
England
and Wales.Scotland.
Ireland.
United
Kingdom.Clergyman, Priest, Minister
788
812
750
786
Lawyer
1,452
1,294
2,262
1,499
Medical Man
1,523
1,551
2,052
1,577
Teacher
145
193
222
156
Domestic class
Commercial class
Agricultural and fishing class
Industrial class
4. Birth-places.
Birthplace.
Enumerated in.
England and
Wales.Scotland.
Ireland.
United Kingdom.
England and Wales
27,882,629
111,045
74,523
28,068,197
Scotland
282,271
3,688,700
27,323
3,998,294
Ireland
458,315
194,807
4,581,383
5,234,505
United Kingdom
28,623,215
3,994,552
4,683,229
37,300,996
Colonies and Dependencies
141,997
14,534
8,430
164,961
Foreign Countries
233,008
16,089
12,900
261,997
At Sea
4,305
472
191
4,968
Total
29,002,525
4,025,647
4,704,750
37,732,922
5. Physical Infirmities.
The blind
—
ALL AGES.
0—
15—
25—
35—
45—
55—
65—
75—
85 and
upwards.England and Wales
{
Males
12,281
1,141
1,184
1,165
1,501
1,752
1,905
1,932
1,410
291
Females
11,186
983
927
855
989
1,155
1,646
2,159
1,929
543
Scotland
{
Males
1,417
111
139
160
194
198
222
199
154
40
Females
1,380
108
93
103
111
146
189
261
266
103
Ireland
{
Males
2,572
79
123
164
255
405
488
474
430
154
Females
2,769
61
117
164
261
451
508
542
468
197
United Kingdom
{
Males
16,270
1,331
1,446
1,489
1,950
2,355
2,615
2,605
1,994
485
Females
15,335
1,152
1,137
1,122
1,361
1,752
2,343
2,962
2,663
843
Persons
31,605
2,483
2,583
2,611
3,311
4,107
4,958
5,567
4,657
1,328
The deaf and dumb
—
ALL AGES.
0—
15—
25—
35—
45—
55—
65—
75—
85 and
upwards.England and Wales
{
Males
7,707
2,487
1,605
1,177
995
697
439
236
63
8
Females
6,485
1,860
1,419
1,024
857
607
397
226
85
10
Scotland
{
Males
1,195
359
262
178
161
92
87
43
12
1
Females
930
246
196
153
114
87
69
41
22
2
Ireland
{
Males
1,803
398
354
304
246
206
179
79
34
3
Females
1,562
302
312
256
275
167
152
69
22
7
United Kingdom
{
Males
10,705
3,244
2,221
1,659
1,402
995
705
358
109
12
Females
8,977
2,408
1,927
1,433
1,246
861
618
336
129
19
Persons
19,682
5,652
4,148
3,092
2,648
1,856
1,323
694
238
31
The insane
—
ALL AGES.
0—
15—
25—
35—
45—
55—
65—
75—
85 and
upwards.England and Wales
{
Males
45,392
2,975
6,225
8,482
9,214
8,187
5,799
3,412
988
110
Females
51,991
2,201
4,981
8,609
10,344
10,510
8,035
5,152
1,894
265
Scotland
{
Males
7,424
453
953
1,512
1,642
1,347
931
436
122
28
Females
8,033
336
694
1,237
1,645
1,662
1,288
796
327
53
Ireland
{
Males
10,964
469
1,399
2,480
2,427
2,150
1,265
573
179
22
Females
10,224
287
1,100
1,914
2,208
2,232
1,430
772
241
40
United Kingdom
{
Males
63,780
3,897
8,577
12,474
13,283
11,684
7,995
4,421
1,289
160
Females
70,253
2,824
6,775
11,760
14,197
14,404
10,753
6,720
2,462
358
Persons
134,033
6,721
15,352
24,234
27,480
26,088
18,748
11,141
3,751
518
6. Institutions.
Poor-law institutions
Hospitals
Lunatic asylums
Prisons
—
Number of Special Inmates.
Proportion per million of Total Population.
England
and Wales.Scotland.
Ireland.
United
Kingdom.England
and Wales.Scotland.
Ireland.
United
Kingdom.Workhouses (including Infirmaries and Schools).
182,710
10,364
12,520
235,594
6,300
2,574
9,038
6,244
Hospitals
27,379
3,044
3,544
36,137
951
1,246
753
958
Lunatic Asylums*
63,693
9,198
11,842
84,733
2,196
2,285
2,517
2,246
Prisons
17,303
2,800†
2,748
22,851
597
696
584
606
Certified Reformatories and Industrial Schools
18,389
3,232
2,197
32,866
634
1,312
1,955
871
*
The inmates of the wards for the insane in workhouses are included with other inmates of those institutions.
†
This figure includes 178 inmates of police stations and cells.7. Natives of the United Kingdom abroad at the date of the Census.
In colonies, dependencies, and protectorates
In the dominions of foreign states
Foreign State.
Enumerated Natives of
United Kingdom.Foreign State.
Enumerated Natives of
United Kingdom.1881.
1891.
1881.
1891.
France
36,447
45,531
Ottoman Dominions
3,117
3,073
German Empire
11,139
15,748
Austria and Hungary
2,169
2,145
Italy
7,230
8,056
Portugal
1,798
1,560
Egypt
2,481
5,600
Japan
1,105
1,415
Belgium
3,789
4,579
Morrocco
661
1,079
Russia
5,007
4,239
Greece
566
556
China
2,352
3,758
Mozambique
48
435
Switzerland
2,812
3,707
Maderia
438
392
Spain
4,771
3,286