Parish Register Abstract
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THE Second object of the Population Act of 1801, was to arrive at an Estimate of the Increase or Diminution of the Population during the preceding Century, by means of the PARISH REGISTERS; to effect which object certain Questions were appointed to be answered by the officiating Minister of every Church and Chapel in England and Wales; and the Population Acts of 1811, 1821, and 1831 repeat the same Questions, for the preceding Ten Years respectively; and Two additional Questions in 1831 aimed at ulterior objects. 1st. What was the Number of Baptisms and Burials in your Parish or Chapelry in the several Years 1821, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30; distinguishing Males from Females ? 2d. What has been the Number of Marriages in your Parish or Chapelry in the several Years 1821, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30? 3rd. Be pleased to specify, on the Schedule annexed for that Purpose, the Ages of Individuals registered in your Burial Register in the several Years from 1813 to 1830, both inclusive? 4th. What Number of illegitimate Children may have been born in your Parish or Chapelry during the Year 1830, according to the best Information you possessor can obtain; and distinguishing Male and Female Children ? 5th. Are there any Matters which you think it necessary to remark, in explanation of your Answers to either of the preceding Questions? Especially, whether any and what annual average Number of Births, Deaths, and Marriages may, in your opinion, have taken place in your Parish, without being noticed in the Parish Register ? The Third Question appeared to require a particular Formula for Entry of the Ages of Individuals buried in the several years 1813-1830, with explanations and a specimen, as follows: It is found by Experience that the best mode of entering and noting the Ages of Individuals (especially in populous Parishes) is by causing an Assistant to read the Christian name rather than to specify the Sex of each Individual, adding always the Age; and the Sex also, in case any such Name be doubtful in pronunciation, such as Francis or Frances,
Whenever the Burial Register does not specify the Name or Age of an Individual (as may occur in case of Strangers found dead, or other rare circumstance) the Clergyman is requested to enter the Burial at the foot of Column 2. and if the Sex is unknown, to enter the said Burial as of a Male. So in case of a Surname used as a Christian name, let the Individual be deemed a Male, if not remembered to be Female,
All Burials since the Year 1812 being numbered in the Register, Subtraction of the Number of the first Burial of the Year from the Number next after the last Burial of the Year, will give the same result as the Summary of the Schedule of entered Burials; so that every Entry inserted in the Register between two others to preserve order of Date, or (on the contrary) every Entry purposely obliterated, or otherwise irregular, should be noted, and allowance made accordingly, otherwise the number of Burials may appear to be erroneous,
The Ages of Individuals known to have been buried, but not entered in the Parish Register, are not to be specified', 'but the numbers of such Individuals, Male and Female, are to be shewn next under the Defective Registry of Ages,
A Specimen of the manner of marking the Ages, and scoring them by Tens, is annexed, being a Schedule page representing the Burials of a Parish containing 50,000 Persons. The Burials of Individuals upwards of 84 Years of Age being rare, no inconvenience will result from entry of 'them as they occur, without regard to priority of Entry according to Age.
[Page xxvi is given over to a single figure.] The Clergy of England and Waits were enabled to answer the two first Questions [p. xxv] by having recourse to the PARISH REGISTERS, which have been established in England ever since the Reformation; and the Third Question, by consulting the new form of Registry, as regulated by Law in the year 1812. When, in the reign of Henry VIII., it was enacted, that the Church of England should no longer be subject to the Pope, Thomas Cromwell was appointed the King's Vicegerent for Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction; and in that capacity issued certain Injunctions to the Clergy in the year 1538.22
One of these Injunctions ordains, That every officiating Minister shall, for every Church, keep a Book, wherein he shall register every Marriage, Christening, and Burial; and the Injunction goes on to direct the manner and time of making the Entries in the Register-Book weekly; any neglect therein "being made penal:- and in the first year of Edw. VI., (Anno 1547) all Episcopal authority was suspended for a time, while the ecclesiastical Visitors then appointed, went through the several Dioceses to enforce divers Injunctions, and among others that respecting Parish Registers. This Injunction was again repeated in the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, who also appointed a Protestation to be made by the Clergy, in which, among other things, they promised to keep the Register-Book in a proper manner. The Canons of the Church of England, which are now in force, date their authority from the beginning of the reign of James I., (Anno 1603). One of these prescribes very minutely in what manner Entries¿are to be made in the Parish Registers; herein reciting the Injunction of 1538, and ordering an attested Copy of the Register of each successive year to be annually transmitted to the Bishop of the Diocese or his Chancellor, and to be preserved in the said Bishop's Registry. This Canon also contains a retrospective Clause, appointing that the ancient Registers, so far as they could be procured, but especially since the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, should be copied into a Parchment Book, to be provided by every Parish. This wise regulation appears to have been carried into full effect at the time; so that the ancient Parish Registers now extant, usually commence with that Queen's Reign, and some of them earlier, quite as far back as the Date of the original Injunction. That part of the Canon which directs the Register-Book to be kept in a Coffer in the Church, has not been enforced, as it was found by experience that the Book was liable to be damaged by the moisture prevalent in uninhabited Buildings, and also to be purloined with the other contents of the Church Coffer. The Register-Book was heretofore usually kept in custody of the Officiating Minister, at his own House, if resident on the Benefice, otherwise in that of the Parish Clerk; but the Act 52 Geo. III. c, 146, has made some alteration in this and other particulars. This Law is intituled, "An Act for the better regulating and preserving Parish and other Registers of Births, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials in England," but does not appear to fulfil its intention as to Births
. It received the Royal Assent on the 28th July 1812, and enacts that the Registers of Parishes, and of Chapelries (where the ceremonies of Baptism, Marriage and Burial are performed) shall be kept in Books of Parchment, or of good and durable paper, whereon shall be printed the Heads of Information required to be entered, also a printed number to be prefixed to each future entry, such entries to be divided by a printed line. The King's Printer was charged to provide and transmit such Register Books as soon as conveniently might be after the passing of the Act, which was to take effect on the 1st January 1813: and with no small exertion on his part, the entire number of Register Books, upwards of 33,000, (three to each Parish and Chapelry) were printed, bound and transmitted before that time, although no preparation could be hazarded before the Act received the Royal Assent, as it was very likely to have been deferred to a future Session. The provisions of this Act are not such (generally speaking) as were likely to affect the Returns of Registers under the Population Act of 1821, excepting only that a very distinct mention of the Registry of Baptisms, "whether Private or Public", has evidently added to the number of Registered Baptisms, (to an uncertain amount indeed) and in so far has been useful: but it thereby precludes any inference which otherwise might be drawn from a comparison of the respective numbers of Registered Baptisms which took place before and since the end of the year 1812. The Act proceeds to direct, that the Register Books shall be kept in a dry well-painted iron chest, to be kept at the residence of the officiating Minister, or in the Parish Church or Chapel; also that Copies on Parchment of all Registers shall be sent annually to the Registrar of, each Diocese; enforcing in this respect the before mentioned Canon, with particular directions as to the form and manner of transmissal, and subsequent arrangement p> of these Copies by the Registrar; but this last intention cannot be accomplished until proper Buildings or Receptacles in each Diocese, and a fund for payment of the persons employed in such arrangement, shall have been provided. The Act extends to Cathedrals, and to Churches and Chapels of all sorts, though not Parochial- and this has somewhat augmented the number of Returns received under the Population Act, although it has added very little to the total of Burials or of Marriages brought to account. An important part of the new Parish Register Act, was to enquire the Dates of all extant Parish-Register Books; but experience has shown that the Act was incompetent to the attainment of this desirable purpose. For remedy of such defect, the same Question was inserted in the Schedule circulated under the Population Act of 1831, as follows: "Referring to Section XIX of the Parish Register Act of 1812 (inserted in the Register Book of Baptisms), Be pleased hereunder to insert, or to affix, a List of all the Register Books of Baptisms, Burials and Marriages (whether bound or otherwise) remaining in your Parish or Chapelry containing Entries anterior to the Year 1813; stating the periods at which the several Registers respectively commence and terminate', and the periods (if any) during which they are deficient??If you retain Copy of such List transmitted to the Registrar of the Diocese in June 1813, a Transcript thereof would be satisfactory on the present occasion.
The Clergy (as might be expected) have readily availed themselves of this opportunity to comply with the directions of the Act, which therefore have now been fulfilled; and with this advantage, that the substance of their Answers is rendered accessible to the public as printed in a compressed form in the Parish-Register Abstract, and that a full Copy of their Answers is deposited in the British Museum with their Names severally inserted in the Margin; and where explanations were asked and obtained after perusal of such Answers, all such explanations to the number of 3,850 are annexed (in original) to the pages of the Manuscript Volumes in the British Museum [intituled, PARISH-REGISTERS EXTANT, 1831.] It may be thought that so many explanations indicate too severe a scrutiny, but the nature of the investigation involving obscure dates and ancient writing, is to be considered; and it is satisfactory to announce that in many instances Register Books have been found and, restored to their proper depository in consequence of these enquiries; which (it is not presumptuous, to believe) will have a prospective influence favourable to the safe custody of Parish-Registers in future. The preservation of Parish-Registers retrospectively is a question of degree; no person will be surprized that one-half of the Registers anterior to A.D. 1600 should have disappeared. If any other nation possesses similar Registers of that date, (a valuable proof of uninterrupted civilization), a comparison might be instituted, and the preservation of such Records through Three Hundred Years would not prove to have been of frequent occurrence; but in point of fact, examination shews that 812 English Parish-Registers commence in the year 1538, about 40 of which contain Entries (copied probably from family bibles and tomb-stones) anterior to the date of Cromwell's injunction; 1,822 Parish-Registers commence from A, D. 1538 to 1558, when Queen Elizabeth required a Protestation from the Clergy;-- 2,448 Parish-Registers commence from A. D. 1558 to 1603, when the Canons authorized by King James, directed a Copy of all extant Parish-Registers to be made and preserved; and nearly one half of them (5,082) have been preserved accordingly, and are now extant. Parish-Registers, to the number of 969, commence between that time to the year 1650;-- 2,757 from A. D. 1650 to 1700;-- 1,476 Parish-Registers from A, D. 1700 to the year, 1750; the rest (Six or Seven Hundred) since that time., Absolute exemption from defective or erroneous entry in these Registers must not be expected, but, it may fairly be doubted, whether such avowal of imperfection is not preferable to the official appearance of perfection which is offered to the enquirer in those nations where, by positive Law and severe Penalties, the acknowledgement
of imperfection in civil Registers (as they ate called) is effectually prohibited, and where no allowance can be made by the calculator for negligence, which yet may sometimes have existed. In the first case (as in England) the degree of omission and defect is open to investigation and discussion, and reasonable approximation is attainable, as will be seen in the following pages under the respective descriptions of Marriage, Burial, and Baptismal Registers. On the whole this national record of Baptisms, Burials and Marriages is highly respectable, and well worthy of the labour which has been bestowed in affording particular information of its extent in every Parish; whereby the investigation of family kindred and connections, and all the purposes of such Registry, cannot but be considerably and usefully promoted. THE Number of Returns of Parish Registers and Chapelry Registers received from, England and "Wales in the year 1801, (including a Supplementary Return) was supposed to be 11,065, which was not far from the number really due; but from the circumstances of a new enquiry, some of these were redundant, some were duplicate, and in many instances (on the contrary) no Return was made. The discovery of a considerable degree of inaccuracy in the Supplement pf 1801, arising from these causes, and a certain knowledge that the Parish Register Abstract of that year had necessarily been formed with a degree of expedition not permitting sufficient investigation was a cogent reason for proceeding more cautiously on the next occasion; and this was the more necessary, as the Return of 1811 was to be compared with that of 1801, which standing alone and being intended to indicate the Increase or Diminution of the Population during the last Century, was not much less effectual for its own particular purpose, although a considerable proportion of the Parish-Register Returns were not brought to account; the result of a comparison of the several years with each other, not being much affected by it. This consideration, though a sufficient excuse for attending to expedition rather than to the completion of the Returns of 1801, was no longer valid in 1811; and particular care was then taken accordingly, both by marking the name of every supposed Benefice and Chapelry on a set of County Maps, and checking the Returns by that criterion, as well as by all other authorities which could be obtained; this was a laborious task, and gave rise to above Two Thousand Applications to officiating Clergymen and others, and, to a large correspondence, which however produced 857 additional Returns, and left ho room to doubt but that sufficient knowledge was thus procured to insure a complete Return on any future occasion. It is obviously needless at this time, to detail the process by which the Returns of 1801 and 1811 were connected for the purpose of comparison; on a balance of the redundant and the deficient, the number of Baptisms was deemed to be deficient as One in Thirty-two; of Burials as One in Twenty-nine; of Marriages as One. in Fifty; and additions were made accordingly, to which it is sufficient to refer without repeating a page of figures and calculations, which was necessary in the Preliminary Observations of 1811. The corrected number of Baptisms, Burials, and Marriages, in the last Thirty years (1801-1830) is here subjoined, as not liable to suspicion of inaccuracy, such as was justly imputable to the original Return of 1801. The Number of Returns of Parish Registers and Chapelry Registers collected under the Population Act of 1811 was 11,159, under the Act of 1821, the Number was increased to 11,342, from a cause which has been already stated, but which does not materially affect the comparison of the two Abstracts, and in the present the number is reduced to 11,301 by omission of Chapelry and other Registers, in which no Entries appear to have been made, or the Entries to have been copied into the Register of the Mother Church, and thence duly returned. Further it may be proper to remark {and indeed has already been shown) that the Number of Benefices in England and Wales is by no means equal to the Number of Parishes; because in many instances Two or more Parishes are permanently united, as one Benefice; and in the Diocese of Norwich, which includes Norfolk and Suffolk, the Diocesan has the privilege of granting a personal Union of Parishes, on account of the small extent and value of many Benefices in those Counties. The PARISH-REGISTER ABSTRACT has now as heretofore been framed with special Reference to the SUMMARY of each County and of each distinct part of every County, in the ENUMERATION ABSTRACT; so that every Total of Persons which there appears, may be compared with a corresponding Annual Total of Baptisms, Burials, and Marriages; and an Annual Average of these for each entire County, may be obtained by the easy process of dividing the Total (which appears under each County Summary
) by Ten; and to facilitate comparisons of the duration of human life, and of the proportion of Marriages in various Counties and at different periods, the Table inserted in the next page has been prepared; in consulting which it must not be forgotten that the comparative
not the absolute Mortality, can only be relied on, unless the inquirer knows with what degree of accuracy the deaths which take place in any County or other limited district, are recorded in the Parish Registers For in some few places Dissenters from the Established Church and persons inattentive to religious rites are so numerous, that the Marriage Register only is worthy of reliance. In Wentloog Hundred, Monmouthshire, where a mixed confluence of workmen drawn together by the prosperity of the Iron-works has increased the Population from 8,700 to 29,000 since the; year 1801,? the Baptisms and Burials respectively do not always out-number the Marriages, although Four Births to a Marriage is a very moderate calculation, and the mortality cannot be very different from that of the adjoining English Counties.23
The Registers of the adjoining County of Glamorgan are defective from the same cause; and it must be remembered, that the Counties of Wales were not well defined nor regularly united to England till about the time of the first Injunction for keeping Parish Registers [See p. 834 of the Enumeration Abstract], and the difference of language has not been without its effect of estrangement in ecclesiastical affairs, especially in the Parish Registers, which are, generally speaking, defective, and therefore are not noticed in the following Table; which differs from the similar statement printed in the Observations preliminary to the Comparative Abstract of 1831, and from that which appears in the Maps now inserted in the Parish- Register Abstract, -inasmuch as the number of unregistered Baptisms and Burials (supplied by the Clergy in pursuance of the Fourth Question of the Schedule) has since that time been ascertained and included in the calculation. But suppose the Parish Registers of England were nearly as accurate and complete as the Civil Registers of Births, Deaths and Marriages are presumed to be in some other nations, the indication of comparative Mortality thus obtained would be greatly over-rated, were it deemed exact in all cases. It has been heretofore suggested, "That the Increase of Population by increasing the proportion of youth, may lessen the per Centage of Mortality on the entire Population; and to what extent this effect may be so produced is not yet known by experience, observation and enquiry concerning such facts being of recent date. If the Population of England should become stationary, the former Ratio of mortality might possibly recur."24
This suggestion may be generalized by observing, that human society is composed of individuals of every grade of age, which grades are liable to mortality, to a greater or less chance of death in the several years of progress from Infancy to old age. Now the number of existing individuals in each grade must depend on the Population existing at the time they were born. Suppose (for example) the Population of Lancashire to have doubled itself (as the fact is) within the last Thirty Years, it follows that infants, two to one, were born there in the Year 1831 as compared to the Year 1801; in other words, that such infants now compose a double proportion of the Population in comparison with the class Years old, than if the said Population-had been stationary since 1801. The same sort of irregular proportion must prevail throughout all the grades of life, the comparative number in each grade relying on the rate of increase of Population since each came into existence, from the infant to the most aged individual: and as infancy and old age are much more liable to death than youth and middle-age, the result on such a Table as here follows, cannot be predicated without more knowledge of facts and more accuracy of inference than have hitherto been attainable. This Table also differs from preceding Calculations, in adverting to the Burials of the last Five
Years of each period, viz. 1796-1800; 1806-1810; 1826-1830; not only for the sake of comparing the number of Burials more nearly with the Population ascertained at the end of such quinquennial periods, but because variation is more strikingly exhibited by such intervening omissions. The Comparative duration of average life in each County at these periods is exhibited in the foregoing Table; and as regarding parts of each County, a further enquiry has been instituted, Parish Register Limits of convenient dimensions having been formed for this purpose by the junction of Hundreds or similar Divisions. But the Results would be too vast, indeed would present to the enquirer but a Labyrinth of numbers and proportions, if printed on consecutive pages of the Parish-Register Abstract, wherefore Maps which speak to the eye have been chosen as the vehicle of this kind of information in detail; and perhaps it will be thought that the art of Lithography has seldom been more successfully employed. These Maps undertake to show, what was the Population of each County and of each Parish Register Limit in 1801, 1611, 1821, and 1831; and the proportion of Registered Baptisms, Burials, and Marriages to that Population in every instance. A further description of these Maps in words would not tend to elucidation; the facility of comparison afforded by them- cannot be misunderstood. The Scale is uniform, (about nine Miles to all Inch,) and such that more Counties than one are contained in each Map, the number of Maps being Sixteen, besides a General Map of England and Wales, also inserted in the Parish-Register Abstract, [pp. 491-2.]. Every place which has made Return of a Register, is distinguished in the Parish-Register Abstract, as Rectory (R.) Vicarage (V.) Parochial Chapelry (P.C.) Chapelry or Curacy;(C.). As the" Marriage Register may be deemed nearly correct; next to it, the Register of Burials; and lastly, the Register of Baptisms, it will be found most convenient to treat of each distinctly, and in that order. MANY Inconveniences having arisen from the undue Solemnization and Registry of Marriages, an Act was passed [26o
Geo. II.], which came into operation 25th March 1754, for the better preventing of Clandestine Marriages, directing a certain Formula for the Registry of Marriages, to be attested and signed by the Minister officiating, the individuals married, and two or more Witnesses, and declaring any Erasure or Mutilation of the Marriage. Register, or any False Entry therein, to be Felony without Benefit of Clergy
; nor can a Marriage be legally solemnized in any Chapel consecrated since this Law was made, A retrospective Relaxation of the Act25
in this particular took place in 1781, under an Act by which Marriages already solemnized in such Chapels, were declared to be valid; but the Registers of such Marriages were ordered to be forthwith removed to the Parish Church. Some Persons are known to evade the provisions of the Marriage Act, by a Marriage in Scotland; and, this practice perceptibly lessens the number of Registered Marriages in the Border Counties;26
but the Registry of Marriages in other parts of England is not much affected thereby, because the Parents or friends of the Females who have been thus iregularly married at Graitney (Gretna) Green (about 63 annually) usually cause such Marriages to be afterwards solemnized according to the Law of England. The Marriages of Dissenters of every denomination take place in the Established Church excepting those of the Society of Friends, usually called Quakers, who are permitted to intermarry in their own Congregation; and to this exception may be added the Jews, who marry according to their own peculiar Ceremonial; and the number of the first of these religious Sects rather exceeds 20,000 persons, the number of Jews is about 25,000; both these sects producing a defect of about 350 Registered Marriages annually; but this does not affect the comparative number of Marriages in a series of years. A great variation in the annual Number of Marriages is caused by the circumstances of the times, and especially by the price of provisions; the difference arising from this cause is such, that no safe inference concerning the Increase or Diminution of Population can be drawn from the comparison of any single Years with each other; But the average Amount of the Marriages for five years together, or for a longer period is the best evidence on the subject, because the Register of Marriages may be deemed perfectly correct. As it is intended, throughout the present Observations, to give the most important Results of all the Decennial Population Acts, the following TABLE not only shows the Number of Marriages in each Year since the 1754, but also the average Amount of Marriages for every Five, and for every Ten Years since the Marriages Act has been fully in force. It will appear in the sequel of these Remarks, that Results drawn from this Table would be very similar to the Results drawn from the Registered Baptisms The Annual proportion of Marriages to the Population during the last Five Years pre ceding 1831, was as one to 128 in England, the several Counties ranging from one in 103 to one in 175; [See p. xxxii.] the extremes take place in Middlesex and in Hertfordshire, the custom of surreptitiously marrying in the Metropolis increasing the number of Marriages therein, at the expense of the adjacent Counties. THE Registry of Burials maybe supposed to be deficient, on the following considerations The Annual Number of Burials, as collected in pursuance of the Population Acts, authorizes a satisfactory inference of diminished Mortality in England,- the average Number of Burials not differing materially from the Year 1780 to the Year 1815 the first Five Years of that period, the last Five Years, and the whole period of Thirty-six years, giving the same average result of 193,000 Registered Burials, the Population having increased 3,300,000 in the mean time; not but that the effect of the Deaths by which England was afflicted in 1795 and 1800, is very perceptible in the increased Mortality of those years, Many other, and no doubt very various considerations would occur to every Investigator of such a subject; especially the doubt as to how many years of the Burial Register ought to be applied as a: Divisor to existing Population. The Mortality of the Inhabitants of England appears to have sunk to its Minimum
in the decade preceding the Population Abstract of 1821; and since that time it seems to have risen as fast as it descended after the year 1800. The causes of increase in the duration of human life up to the Year 1821, remain to be investigated by those who are able to elucidate the subject; houses less crowded, better food, better clothing, and more cleanliness among the numerous classes of Society, cannot have been without some effect j and to these may be added the increased extent of surface drainage, and of underground drainage, both which may have acted beneficially on the health of the Agricultural Population. The improved treatment of Diseases was stated in some of the Returns, as a cause of increasing Population, and especially the substitution of Vaccination, for the Small Pox; infectious Fevers have almost disappeared, even in the Metropolis; and Intermittents, which heretofore under the name of Ague, infested the Country very extensively (especially the Fen Districts) are no longer spoken of. So in former times, the Plague (as it was called) disappeared as soon as the City of London had been rebuilt after the great Fire of 1666; so the Land-Scurvy, and before that the Leprosy, became gradually extinct when the Reformation of Religion, and improvements in Agriculture, had removed the necessity of eating Salt-fish and Salted Meat during the greater portion of the year. The Registered Mortality in the several Counties of England (1826-1830) ranges between one in 41, and one in 64; Middlesex and Cornwall being the extremes. The Registry of Monmouthshire cannot be relied on in this comparison of Counties. Including unregistered Deaths, the Mortality of England and Wales is estimated at one in Forty-nine since the year 1820. [See p. xlv.] But supposing, for the sake of argument, that One-sixth may be justly added to the Average of the Registered Burials (1820-1830), and assuming the Medium Population at 12,938,030, then [246,290 + 41,048 = 287,338) 12,938,030 (45] the proportion of deaths has been One in Forty-five of the Population. Add (in like manner) One-sixth to the Registered Burials of 1780, or rather (as above explained) to 193,000, then [193,000, 32,166 = 225,166) 7,814,827 (34] the proportion of deaths was in 1780 as one in Thirty-four or Thirty-five of the Population. A proportion was unlikely in amount beyond the Mortality of other European nations in the same climate, as one in Forty-nine during the last ten years falls short of that mortality. The question is thus laid open for discussion; for it must be confessed, that the defective Registry of Burials in Monmouthshire and in Wales, and in very large towns, cannot be subjected to satisfactory estimate, so that resort must be had to argumentative inference. The present Return of the Number
of Registered Burials produces no unusual information; but the Third Question, requiring the Ages of Individuals entered in the Burial Registers during the Eighteen years preceding 1831, has produced a Total of nearly Four Millions of persons deceased, not unequally divided between the two sexes, and forming one of the elements requisite in calculating the expectancy of human life. It was impossible to arrange the following Table without remarking the excess of Mortality which falls upon the Decennary years, especially, on 60 and 70, where the Burials are recorded to nearly double in amount, as compared to the preceding year and to the succeeding year. Hence the tendency to speak in round, numbers may be estimated with considerable exactness, one person in Four or Five who dies at 59 and 61, at 69 and 71 years of age, being thereby transferred to 60 and 70; so that in computation it is necessary to combine the years which exhibit palpable irregularity from this cause. Another element requisite for calculating the expectancy of life, is a knowledge of the Ages of those living concurrently with the deceased; an extensive inquiry which cannot be repeated. Eighteen years consecutively, and in this instance is supplied by an approximation arising from the Enumeration of 1821, when the Ages of Ten Millions and a half of persons in England and Wales were ascertained with a view to the present occasion, and are here inserted, The question addressed to the several Overseers in the year 1821, regarding the Ages of persons, was as follows: "If you are of opinion that in making the preceding Enquiries (as to the number of Families and of persons) the Ages of the several individuals can be obtained in a manner satisfactory to yourself, and not inconvenient to the parties, Be pleased to state,-- The Number of those who are under Five Years of Age, of those between 5 and 10 Years of Age, &c. &c." It will be perceived that an option, was thus left to' the Overseer, whether or not to inquire and make Return of the Ages of persons; and to every individual person, whether or not to be included in the Return: For a Statement of Ages is not much less valuable as extending to 10,530,671 persons, than if it extended one Ninth part further, to 11,978,875 persons (the entire Population of England and Wales); and it is much more valuable, as being voluntary in all the parties concerned, thereby excluding defects and inaccuracy to which such a Statement would otherwise be liable from carelessness or repugnance. The 28th day of May is so nearly in the middle of the year, that no over-scrupulous objection is likely to occur as to any combination of the Ages of the Living and the Ages of the Buried in the Year 1821; still less to the Three, Five, or Seven Years respectively, of which 1821 is the middle year. A period of Seven Years was therefore chosen, as affording scope enough for insuring a fair average of Mortality, and not departing too far from the time when the Ages of the Living were ascertained. [Table: "AGES of 1,497,511 PERSONS BURIED in ENGLAND and WALES, (of whom 756,163 MALES, 741,348 FEMALES), during SEVEN YEARS (1818-1824), of which the AVERAGE only appears elsewhere." appears here.] Afterwards it was suggested, that other and valuable sources of knowledge might be expected to accrue from a distinct Statement of Mortality in every other year of the series, as exhibiting the comparative decrement of the two sexes, and at various ages throughout life; wherefore a laborious operation to that effect has been undertaken and accomplished, in honour also (so to speak) of the ample materials collected in detail by the willing labour of the Clergy, and afterwards classed and methodized at the public expense. The following extensive Table therefore shows the average of Seven Years I818-l824, the particulars of Eleven Years (1813-1817, and 1825-1830), and the Average of all the Eighteen Years; which Average, except for the sake of comparison in every column and every year, will never be used in preference to the foregoing general Table [p. xxxvi] of the Ages of 3,938,496 Persons buried during Eighteen Years. If any calculator should prefer the mortality of Seventeen Years instead of Eighteen Years, as placing the enumerated Ages of the Living more accurately in the middle of the period, he will have to deduct the Burials of 1830 as a preliminary to his further labour. [Series of tables, "AGES of MALES and FEMALES BURIED and REGISTERED in England and Wales
, 1813-1830.", occupying five pages, appears here.] The only remaining element requisite for accurate calculation of the expectancy of life, is the Amount of Population retrospectively during the life of Man; which will appear under its proper head. The details of the Burial Register -will best be concluded, by remarking, that among 8,988,496 persons, 1,900 nave attained to the age of One Hundred Years, of whom no more than one-third (637) were Males, two-thirds (1,263) Females. Eighteen Individuals, have attained to the age of One Hundred and Eleven and upwards, Nine of each Sex; and it may gratify local curiosity to add, That those of 111 years of age, died at Maker (North-Riding of Yorkshire), at Cloford (Somersetshire), at Dent (in the West-Riding of Yorkshire), at Tanworth (Warwickshire), and at Houghton-le-Spring (Durham), in the years; 1814, 1815, 1817, 1822 and 1826 respectively. Those who were 112 years of age died at Llangattock (Brecon), and at Tytherington (Gloucestershire), in the years 1817 and 1825 respectively. Those of 113 years of age died at Shadwell (Middlesex) and at Standon (Herts), in the years 1814 and 1819 respectively. 'Those of 114 years of age died at Langford (Bedfordshire), and in St. Martin's Parish (Birmingham), in the year 1823. A Female, 117 years of age, died at Sutton-Courteney (Berks), in 1822. A Male, 118 years of age, died at Irthington (Cumberland), in 1823. A Male, 119 years of age, died at Allensmore (Herefordshire), in 1822. Two Males, of 120 years of age, died at St. John's (Swansea), and at Topsham (Devon), in the years 1822 and 1824 respectively; one Female, of 120, at Camrose (Pembrokeshire), in 1830. One Male, 124 years of age, died at Boughton-under-Blean (Kent), in the year 1824. Nineteen Hundred Centenarians (persons who have attained to One hundred years and upwards) appearing to have died in Eighteen years [1813-1830], produces an annual average of 105 such deaths, and is in the proportion of one death in 2,073 other deaths. The Centenarians existing in the year 1821 in England and Wales were 189, or one in 55,717; and supposing the defect in the Burial Register of Ages, and in the Enumeration of Ages in 1821 to have been equal (which is not far from the fact), 105 Centenarians in 189 (or 55 per cent.) thus appear to have died annually; Further; as the Population of England doubled itself between the years 1730 and 1821, and for all practical purposes may be taken as stationary from 1700 to 1730, the Centenarians now in existence are no more than Half, as compared to those who would have now been in existence had the Population of 1730 been the same as it is now; in other words, they would have been as one in 28,000, instead of one in 56,000 [55,717], the proportion ascertained, by the Enumeration of 1821. Apart from such considerations, the proportion of existing Centenarians is no valid indication of national health or longevity. THE Registry of Baptisms is deficient from the same causes as that of Burials, and from most of those causes in a greater degree. The joint effect of all these causes will hereinafter be estimated in discussing the Increase of Population. The whole Number of Baptisms collected for the purposes of the Four Population Acts, appears, to be 16,323,576: of these, 8,335,866 Males 7,987,710 Females: So that the Baptisms of Males are 10,435 to 10,000 Females. The whole Number of Burials appears to be 11,588,938; of these, 5,819,923 Males, 5,769,015 Females; a very small disparity in so large a number; whence it may be inferred, that the larger proportion of Males born (4¿ per cent.) is also the proportion dying Abroad in the employments of War and Commerce: not forgetting, that of unregistered infants a larger portion are Males than Females. Previously to the year 1821, the Burials of the two Sexes were in equal number, and the effect of settled peace is now shown by the increased proportion of Males who die and are buried at home. The proportion of Registered Baptisms to the Population is as one to 34 in England; the several Counties ranging between one in 31, and one in 38; Cambridgeshire, with Middlesex, Notts, and Worcester being equally of the first class; Surrey the other extreme, Monmouthshire always excepted. Including unregistered Births, the proportion of Births to the Population of England and Wales has been one in 28, since the Year 1820. [See p. xlv]: but this is liable to the same sort of question as the proportion of Deaths relying indeed upon the same argument, [See p. XXXV.] The Number and Sex of illegitimate children born in the Year 1830 formed part of the enquiry of 1831, and the Laws regarding the maintenance of the Poor, added to the facility of collecting facts which occurred in the preceding Twelvemonth, tend very much to establish the accuracy of the Return. The total number in England and Wales was 20,039; of whom, Males 10,147, Females 9,892; the proportion as one in Nineteen Baptisms [Par, Reg. Abstract, p. 490] the Males not exceeding the Females much more than 2¿ per cent. In Middlesex (the Metropolis County) the proportion of Illegitimates is no more than one in Thirty-eight Baptisms. This may be deemed remarkable, considering the opposite result in other European nations, in more than one of which the Capital City is said to produce Illegitimates
as one Birth in Three or Four, although elsewhere in the same nations such Births do not exceed one-tenth. But the cause of this seeming disparity exists in applying the word Illegitimate
to all who are deposited in Hospitals for the reception of deserted Children; that is, to all infants whose parents are too poor to maintain them. This grievous necessity is obviated in England by the Poor Relief Law, and the general opulence as well as the density of population in the Metropolis, facilitates the concealment of illegitimate birth. The so-called Foundling Hospital
in London has long since [A. D. 1760) ceased to be such in reality. 22
. The alarm produced by this novelty, in a reign of innovation and, severity, is curiously developed in a contemporary Letter from the Ancestor of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe: "Sir Piers Eggecomb to Crumwell. "Plesse it, ywr goode Lordeshyp to be advertyssyd, that the Kynggs Majesty hath commandyd me, at my beynge in hys gracius presens, that in casse I parceyvyd any grugge, Or myscontentacyon a mongge hys sojectes, I shulde tber off advertysse ywr Lordeshyp by my wrytynge. Hyt ys now comme to ray knolegge, this 20 daye of Apryll, by a ryght trew honest man, a servant off myn; that ther ys moche secrett, and severall communycacyons amongges the Kyngge's sqjettes; and that off them, in sundry places within the scberesoff Cornwall and Devonsher, be in greate feer and mystrust, what the Kyngges Hyghnes and hys Couseyll schulde meane, to geve in commaundement to the parsons and vycars off every parisse, that they schulde make a booke, and surely to be kept, wher in to be specyffyyd the namys off as many as be weddyd, and the namys off them that be buryyd, and of "all those that be crystynyd. Now ye maye perceyve the myndes off many, what ys to be don, to avoyde ther unserteyri cpnjecturys, and to contynue and stablysse therhartes in trew naturell loff, accordynge ther dewties, I refferre to ywr wyssdom. Ther mystrust ys, that somme charges, more than hath byn in tymys past, schall growe to theym by this occacyon off regesstrynge of thes thyngges; wher in, yff hyt schall please the Kyngges Majeste to put them yowte off dowte, in my poar myiide schall encresse moche harty loff. And I besseche our towie preserve yow ever, to Hys pleasser, 20th daye off Apryll. Scrybelyd in hast. (superscribed) (signed) "P. EGGECOMB." To my Lorde Privy Scale ys goode Lordesshyp, be this gevyn."/ From Cromwell's Correspondence in the Chapter House (Bundle E.) The letter is wholly in Sir Pier's handwriting. Cromwell's first Instructions to the Clergy after he became Vice-gerent, which were issued in 1536, did not require Parish Registers to be kept. They were first enjoined y the 12th Article of his Instructions of 1538, (printed at length by Burnet, in the Collection appended to the first volume of his History of the Reformation, p. 178), and as they were not issued, according to Strype, till the months of September and October, the date of this letter must have been in 1539, Mr. Burn's History of Parish Registers
, published 1829, contains what is promised in its title; and much curious matter is contained in his History of Fleet Marriages
, published 1833. 23
. Par. Reg. Abstract p.200. 24
. Evidence before the Committee on the Population Bill, 18 May 1830. 25
. 1 G.III.c.53. 26
. 200 Marriages from Cumberland (chiefly from the neighbourhood of Carlisle) take place at and near Graitney Green annually; 23 from Northumberland; 6 or 7 from Westmorland.II. - PARISH REGISTER ABSTRACT
QUESTIONS addressed to all OFFICIATING MINISTERS of Churches and Chapels in England and Wales.
THIRD QUESTION; EXPLANATIONS.
NUMBER OF BAPTISMS, BURIALS, AND MARRIAGES
YEAR
BAPTISMS
YEAR
BURIALS
MARRIAGES
Males
Females
Total
Males
Females
Total
1801
120,521
116,508
237,029
1801
101,352
103,082
204,434
67,288
1802
139,889
133,948
273,837
1802
99,504
100,385
199,889
90,396
1803
150,220
143,888
294,108
1803
102,459
101,269
203,728
94,379
1804
150,583
144,009
294,592
1804
91,538
89,639
181,177
85,738
1805
149,333
142,868
292,201
1805
91,086
90,154
181,240
79,586
1806
147,376
144,553
291,929
1806
92,289
91,163
183,452
80,754
1807
153,787
146,507
300,294
1807
97,996
97,855
195,851
83,923
1808
151,565
144,509
296,074
1808
102,614
98,149
200,763
82,248
1809
152,812
147,177
299,989
1809
97,894
93,577
191,471
83,369
1810
152,591
146,262
298,853
1810
104,907
103,277
208,184
84,470
1811
155,671
149,186
304,857
1811
94,971
93,572
188,543
86,389
1812
153,949
148,005
301,954
1812
95,957
94,445
190,402
82,066
1813
160,685
153,747
314,432
1813
93,726
92,751
186,477
83,860
1814
163,282
155,524
318,806
1814
103,525
102,878
206,403
92,804
1815
176,233
168,698
344,931
1815
99,442
97,966
197,408
99,944
1816
168,801
161,398
330,199
1816
103,954
102,005
205,959
91,946
1817
169,337
162,246
331,583
1817
101,040
98,229
199,269
88,234
1818
169,181
162,203
331,384
1818
107,724
105,900
213,624
92,779
1819
171,107
162,154
333,261
1819
106,749
106,815
213,564
95,571
1820
176,311
167,349
343,660
1820
104,329
104,020
208,349
96,833
1821
181,811
173,496
355,307
1821
107,482
104,870
212,352
100,868
1822
190,508
182,063
372,571
1822
111,299
109,116
220,415
98,878
1823
189,144
180,616
369,760
1823
119,649
117,737
237,386
101,918
1824
189,401
182,043
371,444
1824
124,027
120,047
244,074
104,703
1825
192,003
183,050
375,053
1825
129,727
125,291
255,018
110,428
1826
194,527
185,886
380,413
1826
136,100
132,061
268,161
104,941
1827
191,428
182,758
374,186
1827
128,991
122,880
251,871
107,130
1828
200,333
192,121
392,454
1828
130,015
125,318
255,333
111,174
1829
194,089
186,156
380,245
1829
134,525
129,705
264,230
104,316
1830
194,200
187,860
382,060
1830
129,290
124,777
254,067
107,719
Corrected Table of the Annual Proportion of Baptisms, Burials and Marriages, to the Population of England
; calculated upon an Average of the Totals of such Baptisms, Burials and Marriages, in the Five Years preceding the several Enumerations of 1801, 1811, 1821, and 1831; and distinguishing the several Counties.
COUNTY OF
1796-1800
1806-1810
1816-1820
1826-1830
Baptisms
Burials
Marriages
Baptisms
Burials
Marriages
Baptisms
Burials
Marriages
Baptisms
Burials
Marriages
BEDFORD
35
51
114
32
48
131
33
57
123
35
54
129
BERKS
34
51
148
33
53
144
33
54
140
32
52
149
BUCKS
37
50
129
32
49
129
33
53
139
34
52
140
CAMBRIDGE
33
45
118
30
30
131
30
55
117
31
45
123
CHESTER
39
51
130
32
49
132
34
52
127
37
52
139
CORNWALL
33
58
120
31
62
142
32
69
146
33
64
147
CUMBERLAND
38
54
145
34
52
132
32
54
151
32
54
163
DERBY
35
52
138
32
58
138
34
59
146
35
54
135
DEVON
36
49
109
32
50
113
32
59
132
35
58
132
DORSET
41
62
142
34
56
139
34
63
144
35
58
140
DURHAM
38
43
116
32
49
131
32
53
134
32
52
138
ESSEX
35
44
126
32
45
130
34
58
146
35
52
154
GLOUCESTER
37
55
127
35
61
120
35
60
111
35
61
117
HEREFORD
40
65
183
35
60
144
36
60
70
37
57
152
HERTFORD
38
54
161
33
57
68
33
53
171
36
56
175
HUNTINGDON
33
46
104
32
49
134
33
61
127
34
46
131
KENT
30
41
116
28
38
115
30
50
130
33
49
143
LANCASTER
34
47
114
28
49
115
31
51
116
34
46
115
LEICESTER
35
49
130
36
58
134
34
56
126
36
53
127
LINCOLN
32
50
117
30
49
125
31
59
134
32
51
134
MIDDLESEX
39
37
95
39
36
94
36
45
101
31
41
103
MONMOUTH
56
72
169
45
64
146
46
66
148
45
69
131
NORFOLK
32
47
126
31
50
135
31
59
129
32
52
139
NORTHAMPTON
42
51
130
35
53
132
34
55
129
35
50
135
NORTHUMBERLAND
47
57
139
35
54
160
37
57
139
36
52
134
NOTTINGHAM
32
51
116
32
52
119
32
54
124
31
51
122
OXFORD
35
53
139
33
56
141
33
57
148
32
53
141
RUTLAND
33
50
131
33
54
161
34
2
43
33
52
137
SALOP
34
54
142
34
59
142
34
54
148
5
53
140
SOMERSET
39
55
139
34
53
128
35
61
140
35
58
147
SOUTHAMPTON
34
46
104
30
46
102
31
61
128
4
56
131
STAFFORD
34
49
124
31
2
18
1
51
123
32
51
126
SUFFOLK
34
56
129
31
54
132
33
65
134
35
59
137
SURREY
37
42
134
35
44
129
38
49
139
38
49
129
SUSSEX
31
55
126
28
52
128
2
68
42
33
58
142
WARWICK
35
52
116
34
43
119
35
48
118
34
58
120
WESTMORLAND
35
50
142
31
53
137
33
52
149
32
56
152
WILTS
41
60
142
34
57
138
35
63
134
35
57
148
WORCESTER
34
46
137
31
51
129
33
53
140
31
51
127
YORK, EAST RIDING
39
55
129
29
48
108
33
54
122
35
51
118
CITY AND AINSTY
36
52
113
YORK, NORTH RIDING
36
53
142
30
51
124
34
61
147
33
55
144
YORK, WEST RIDING
35
49
124
31
51
123
33
57
124
35
51
131
SUMMARY of ENGLAND, not including Wales
36
48
123
32
49
121
33
55
127
34
51
128
CONCERNING THE REGISTRY OF MARRIAGES.
Number of Registered Marriages in each Year, from 1755 to 1800
PERIOD
Medium Average of Five Years.
Medium Average of Ten Years.
A.D.
Marriages
A.D.
Marriages
A.D.
Marriages
-
1755
49,379
1771
60,612
1786
68,992
1755-1760
52,666
56,275
1756
50,972
1772
60,337
1787
76,448
1761-1765
59,883
1757
48,300
1773
59,769
1788
70,032
1766-1770
59,043
59,892
1758
50,672
1774
60,512
1789
70,696
1771-1775
60,741
1759
55,537
1775
62,473
1790
70,648
1776-1780
64,238
64,479
1760
57,848
1776
65,462
1791
72,590
1781-1785
66,722
1761
58,101
1777
65,020
1792
74,919
1786-1790
71,363
71,784
1762
56,543
1778
62,727
1793
72,880
1791-1795
72,205
1763
62,233
1779
63,671
1794
71,797
1796-1800
74,998
79,231
1764
63,310
1780
64,309
1795
68,839
1801-1805
83,465
1765
59,227
1781
63,768
1796
73,107
1806-1810
82,953
85,985
1766
57,043
1782
63,071
1797
74,997
1811-1815
89,012
1767
55,324
1783
66,287
1798
79,477
1816-1820
93,073
100,064
1768
58,331
1784
68,935
1799
77,557
1821-1826
103,363
1769
61,825
1785
71,509
1800
69,851
1821-1827
107,056
-
1770
62,693
For the Marriages in each Year 1801-1830, see p. xxx.
CONCERNING THE REGISTRY OF BURIALS.
AGES OF 3,938,496 PERSONS BURIED IN ENGLAND AND WALES
(Of whom 1,996,195 Males, 1,942,301 Females), during Eighteen Years, 1813-1830.Age
Males
Females
Both Sexes
Age
Males
Females
Both Sexes
Age
Males
Females
Both Sexes
Under
one
Year436,946
341,137
778,083
40
16,209
17,304
33,513
80
20,666
24,951
45,617
1
139,426
127,017
266,443
41
10,083
10,906
20,989
81
13,146
14,279
27,425
2
78,114
75,900
154,014
42
13,493
14,073
27,566
82
15,523
17,582
33,105
3
47,860
46,773
94,633
43
10,828
11,489
22,317
83
12,072
13,721
25,793
4
33,693
32,076
65,769
44
12,292
12,666
24,958
84
15,920
18,477
34,397
5
24,854
23,340
48,194
45
15,532
14,548
30,080
85
12,245
14,187
26,432
6
19,376
18,091
37,467
46
12,601
12,334
24,935
86
8,854
10,437
19,291
7
16,467
14,668
31,135
47
12,633
12,103
24,736
87
7,070
8,489
15,559
8
13,895
12,363
26,258
48
13,801
13,230
27,031
88
6,762
8,325
15,087
9
12,671
11,270
23,941
49
12,203
11,486
23,689
89
4,468
5,637
10,105
10
11,610
10,527
22,137
50
17,468
16,059
33,527
90
4,549
6,624
11,173
11
10,441
9,777
20,218
51
10,792
10,119
20,911
91
2,293
3,057
5,350
12
9,996
9,800
19,796
52
14,544
13,875
28,419
92
2,038
2,867
4,905
13
9,688
10,261
19,949
53
13,050
12,009
25,059
93
1,598
2,258
3,856
14
10,589
11,790
22,379
54
13,148
12,346
25,494
94
1,129
1,685
2,814
15
10,096
12,527
22,623
55
16,303
15,209
31,512
95
977
1,582
2,559
16
11,385
13,737
25,122
56
15,705
14,589
30,294
96
715
1,182
1,897
17
12,568
14,212
26,780
57
14,067
12,995
27,062
97
494
846
1,340
18
14,212
14,998
29,210
58
14,287
13,414
27,701
98
426
708
1,134
19
15,144
16,061
31,205
59
13,479
12,303
25,782
99
267
495
762
20
15,245
16,041
31,286
60
21,835
21,438
43,273
100
239
468
707
21
15,834
16,237
32,071
61
13,533
12,551
26,084
101
133
225
358
22
16,188
17,597
33,785
62
16,693
16,253
32,946
102
70
174
244
23
14,850
16,803
31,653
63
18,631
18,282
36,913
103
63
134
197
24
14,515
16,722
31,237
64
17,761
17,629
35,390
104
41
90
131
25
14,569
16,586
31,155
65
18,911
18,723
37,634
105
29
72
101
26
13,785
16,318
30,103
66
20,160
20,332
40,492
106
17
29
46
27
13,623
16,133
29,756
67
19,352
19,523
38,875
107
13
21
34
28
13,778
16,272
30,050
68
18,315
18,298
36,613
108
10
18
28
29
12,199
14,431
26,630
69
16,816
16,222
33,038
109
6
12
18
30
14,513
16,514
31,027
70
26,187
27,766
53,953
110
7
11
18
31
10,338
11,963
22,301
71
16,008
16,154
32,162
111
2
3
5
32
12,597
14,427
27,024
72
21,085
21,868
42,953
112
1
1
2
33
12,409
14,227
26,636
73
20,562
21,363
41,925
113
1
1
2
34
11,605
13,279
24,884
74
20,652
21,163
41,815
114
2
2
35
13,741
15,200
28,941
75
21,936
22,884
44,820
117
1
1
36
13,234
14,950
28,184
76
19,595
20,522
40,117
118
1
1
37
11,873
13,409
25,282
77
21,012
21,845
42,857
119
1
1
38
12,519
14,268
26,787
78
19,595
21,030
40,625
120
2
1
3
39
11,167
12,611
23,778
79
15,576
16,433
32,009
124
1
1
AGES of PERSONS enumerated in England and Wales, 28th May 1821; with proportions annexed, supposing each Sex and the Total to have been 10,000,000 in number.
AGES
MALES.
MALES.
FEMALES.
FEMALES.
TOTAL.
TOTAL.
Under Five Years.
791,579
1,536,732
774,689
1,440,044
1,566,268
1,487,339
5-9
693,858
1,347,022
682,457
1,268,597
1,376,315
1,306,958
10-14
603,613
1,171,824
569,366
1,058,376
1,172,979
1,113,869
15-19
509,586
989,285
535,569
995,552
1,045,155
992,487
20-29
755,780
1,467,234
901,338
1,675,468
1,657,118
1,573,611
30-39
593,662
1,152,506
649,507
1,207,348
1,243,169
1,180,522
40-49
482,329
936,370
500,977
931,250
983,306
933,755
50-59
342,204
664,338
352,160
654,619
694,364
659,373
60-69
231,509
449,440
249,184
463,200
480,693
456,470
70-79
115,032
223,317
124,648
231,704
239,680
227,602
80-89
29,587
57,438
36,315
67,505
65,902
62,581
90-99
2,253
4,378
3,280
6,097
5,533
5,254
100 and upwards
60
116
129
240
189
179
TOTALS
5,151,052
10,000,000
5,379,619
10,000,000
10,530,671
10,000,000
CONCERNING THE REGISTRY OF BAPTISMS.
FOOTNOTES